IEC 60870-5-103 telegram structure
- FT 1.2 frame format is used;
- Frames with fixed and variable block length and single control characters are used;
- Hamming distance = 4;
Frame with variable length
This frame type is used to transmit user data between controlling and controlled station
| byte\bit | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 
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| 0 | Start byte 1 (0x68) | Header | 
 | LPCI | 
 | LPDU | |||||||
| 1 | Block length | 
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| 2 | Block length (copy) | 
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| 3 | Start byte 2 (0x68) | 
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| 4 | RES | PRM | FCB / ACD | FCV / DFC | Function code | Control field | 
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| 5 | Link address | 
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| 6 | Type identification (monitoring-direction, control-direction) | DATA UNIT IDENTIFIER | 
 | ASDU | 
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| 7 | SQ | Number of object | 
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| 8 | Cause of transmission (monitoring-direction, control-direction) | 
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| 9 | ASDU address | 
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| 10 | 
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| 11 | Info-object | 
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 | Information elements | 
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| n-1 | Checksum | Tail | 
 | LPCI | 
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| n | Stop byte (0x16) | 
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Frame with fixed length
This frame type is used for link layer services. Sometimes used as an confirmation.
| byte\bit | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 
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| 0 | Start byte 1 (0x10) | 
 | |||||||
| 1 | RES | PRM | FCB / ACD | FCV / DFC | Function code | Control field | |||
| 2 | Link address | 
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| 3 | Checksum | 
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| 4 | Stop byte (0x16) | 
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Single character data
Single characters are used to confirm link layer and user data transmissions.
- 0xE5 (positive acknowledge);