Gear change
activation
The channel parameter P-CHAN-00052 (main_spindle_gear_change) enables gear changes and the related reserved use of the M functions M40-45.
![]() | Gear changes can only be programmed for the main spindle in DIN syntax [PROG//Gear change]. |
6 gear speeds or data records are available for programming in combination with the S word and M40 - M45 functions. After start-up of the NC controller, the default gear speed specified in the axis machine data record P-AXIS-00079 (getriebe_stufe) is activated.
Approach the change position
The rapid traverse velocity specified in the axis machine data record P-AXIS-00209 (vb_eilgang) moves the axis to the change position of the current gear P-AXIS-00078 (getr_schalt_pos). If the gear has no preferred direction, the direction of rotation is selected to optimise the motion path.
The change operation is normally undertaken by the PLC. Adjustments must be made in the NC controller to adopt the parameters of the new gear. A distinction must be made between two cases here:
- The measuring system is coupled to the motor shaft. Depending on the gear speed, the measuring system resolution must be adapted (factors in the axis machine records: P-AXIS-00233 (wegaufz), P-AXIS-00234 (wegaufn).
- The measuring system is coupled to the gear shaft. The measuring system resolution must be retained and the control dynamics of the gear speed must be adapted. Factors in the axis machine data record: P-AXIS-00128 (multi_gain_n), P-AXIS-00129 (multi_gain_z), P-AXIS-00099 (kv).
Parameterise the speed ranges
Each of the 6 gear speeds covers a specific speed range which is defined by a minimum P-CHAN-00058 (min_speed) and a maximum P-CHAN-00055 (max_speed) speed (unit: rpm). Speed range overlaps are permitted. The minimum and maximum speeds of the unused speed ranges must be assigned the value 0.
Automatic gear speed selection
When automatic gear speed selection P-CHAN-00004 (autom_range=1) is used, the gear speed from the programmed speed S is defined using the speed table. The M functions M45 are not programmed.
The parameter P-CHAN-00074 (range_way) specifies the direction in which the automatic gear speed selection searches for the suitable speed range in the table during gear speed selection (from speed 1 to 6 ("bottom up") or from speed 6 to 1 ("top down")).
Manual gear speed selection
Manual gear speed selection P-CHAN-00004 (autom_range= 0) requires programming of the M functions M40 - M45 together with the speed S. A message is output if the speed S is not within the programmed speed range.
Minimise change operations
Generally, the control system attempts to minimise change operations. A gear speed selection is not executed if a new speed is run at the current gear speed.
Configuration example
Definition of M40 - 45 and synchronisation methods.
Enabling the M functions M40-45 and gear changing:
Parameterise the spindle gear (search direction, speed ranges):
Programming Example
Automatic gear stage determination: ON
Programming Example
Determine the automatic gear stage: OFF